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  • The Training Is Finished. But Did Anything Change?

    October 15th, 2026

    I have to admit, when I first started learning about design thinking, I thought a lot about how to create better training.

    How do we make it more interesting? How do we keep people engaged? How do we make sure the information makes sense?

    Those are all important questions.

    But as we’ve been moving through this course, I’m realizing there is another question that might be even more important.

    What happens after the training is over?

    Someone can finish a course, pass a quiz, and walk away with a certificate. But does that mean anything actually changed?

    Can they use what they learned? Do they feel more confident? Did the training help with the problem we were trying to solve in the first place?

    I think that’s what stood out to me most about this week’s readings. Designing something is one thing. Making sure it actually helps people is something else.

    And maybe that’s where the real work begins.

    Finishing the Training Isn’t the Same as Learning

    Boller and Fletcher (2020) spend time discussing what happens when a training solution is actually put into practice and how we evaluate whether it worked.

    That made me think about how easy it is to measure the things we can see.

    How many people completed the training? Did they pass the quiz? Did they fill out the evaluation?

    Those things can tell us something, but they don’t necessarily tell us whether anyone is doing anything differently.

    I keep thinking about the example of training new supervisors to have difficult conversations with employees.

    We could create a course with good information, realistic examples, and a quiz at the end. Everyone might complete it and even give it positive feedback.

    But what happens when a supervisor has to sit across from an employee and actually have that uncomfortable conversation?

    Do they feel prepared? Can they apply what they learned? Do they have someone they can go to when they’re unsure what to do?

    Those are the questions I would want to ask.

    One thing I’m taking from Boller and Fletcher is that we can’t treat implementation and evaluation like boxes to check after we’ve finished designing. We need to think about what success will look like in the real world and how we’ll know whether we’re getting there.

    A completed training isn’t necessarily a successful training.

    And I think that’s an important difference.

    Meeting People Where They Are Still Matters

    Something I keep coming back to throughout this course is the idea of meeting people where they are.

    Working in harm reduction, that’s a phrase that means a lot to me. We can’t assume everyone is starting from the same place, has the same experiences, or needs the same kind of support.

    And the more I learn about instructional design, the more I see that the same idea applies to training.

    Boller and Fletcher (2020) discuss the importance of getting buy-in from stakeholders and continuing to use design thinking even after a project is already underway. That stood out to me because it reminds me that we can’t just design something, hand it over, and assume everyone will be ready to use it.

    People have different levels of experience, different concerns, and different things getting in their way.

    I also thought about the CAISO case study, where the designers used a learner persona to keep the needs of a newer employee in mind throughout the project (Boller & Fletcher, 2020). I liked that the persona wasn’t just something they created at the beginning and forgot about. It helped guide their decisions.

    That made me wonder how often we really keep the learner in mind once we get busy building the training.

    Are we still thinking about what that person needs? Or are we more focused on finishing the project?

    I think that’s a question worth asking, especially when we’re trying to create something people can actually use.

    What If Making Mistakes Is Part of Learning?

    Amy Edmondson’s (2011) reading about learning from failure really made me stop and think.

    I think most of us grow up seeing mistakes as something we’re supposed to avoid. We want to get things right, and we definitely don’t want other people noticing when we get something wrong.

    But Edmondson explains that not all failures are the same. Some are preventable, some happen because situations are complicated, and some are part of trying something new.

    That distinction matters.

    If we’re expecting people to learn a new skill, shouldn’t we also expect that they might struggle with it at first?

    I thought again about those new supervisors learning how to have difficult conversations. They can practice what to say during training, but their first real conversation probably won’t go exactly as planned.

    And that’s okay. What matters is whether they have a chance to reflect, ask questions, and get better.

    Edmondson (2011) also talks about creating an environment where people feel safe enough to acknowledge mistakes instead of hiding them.

    That made me think about the kind of support we provide after training. If someone tries a new skill and it doesn’t go well, do we help them figure out what happened? Or do we make them feel like they should have known better?

    I don’t think learning stops when someone makes a mistake.

    Sometimes, that might be when the most important learning happens.

    What If We’re Solving the Wrong Problem?

    One story from Tom and David Kelley’s (2012) reading really stuck with me.

    A design team was working on creating a less expensive incubator for premature babies. That sounds like a good idea, right?

    But when they actually visited families in rural Nepal, they discovered something important. The problem wasn’t just that hospitals needed cheaper incubators. Many families lived too far from a hospital to use one in the first place.

    So the team started thinking differently about what those families actually needed.

    I loved that example because it shows how easy it is to start working on a solution before we fully understand the problem.

    And I have to admit, I can see how that happens with training, too.

    Someone says employees need more training, and we start planning a workshop or an online course. But what if the real issue is that they don’t have enough time, support, or resources to do the job?

    More training might not fix any of that.

    Kelley and Kelley (2012) also talk about building creative confidence by being willing to try things, take small steps, and get comfortable with uncertainty.

    I think that’s something I’m still learning. It’s okay not to have the answer right away. Sometimes asking another question or listening a little longer is what helps us find a better direction.

    Maybe being a good designer isn’t about having all the answers.

    Maybe it’s about being willing to question the first answer we come up with.

    It’s Not Just About Making Something Look Better

    Writing

    I also thought about the interview with Indra Nooyi and how she brought design thinking into PepsiCo’s strategy (Ignatius, 2015).

    What stood out to me was that she wasn’t just talking about making products or packaging look nicer. She wanted people to think about the whole experience someone has with a product.

    That made me think about training in a different way.

    We can spend so much time making sure a presentation looks good, the activities are interesting, and everything is organized. And those things do matter.

    But what about the experience someone has when they go back to work and try to use what they learned?

    Do they have the tools they need? Does their supervisor support them? Is the process they’re being asked to follow even realistic?

    I think that’s where design thinking can make a difference. It pushes us to look beyond what we’re creating and think about what people are actually experiencing.

    And honestly, that connects right back to the question I started this blog with.

    Did anything really change?

    Because if the training looks great but people are still struggling with the same problems, I think we have to be willing to go back, ask more questions, and try something different.

    So, What Am I Taking Away From This?

    The more I learn about design thinking, the more I realize it’s not just about coming up with creative ideas or building better training.

    It’s about paying attention to what happens when people actually try to use what we’ve created.

    This week’s readings reminded me that we have to be willing to listen, make adjustments, learn from mistakes, and sometimes admit that our first idea wasn’t the right one.

    I keep coming back to that idea of meeting people where they are. For me, that means understanding what people are dealing with before deciding what kind of help they need. And it means continuing to pay attention even after we’ve offered that help.

    I’m starting to see that designing training isn’t really finished just because the training itself is finished.

    Maybe the better question isn’t just whether people learned something.

    It’s whether what they learned made a difference.

    And that’s something I want to keep asking as I continue through this course.

    References

    Boller, S., & Fletcher, L. (2020). Design thinking for training and development: Creating learning journeys that get results. Association for Talent Development.

    Edmondson, A. C. (2011). Strategies for learning from failure. Harvard Business Review.

    Ignatius, A. (2015). How Indra Nooyi turned design thinking into strategy. Harvard Business Review.

    Kelley, T., & Kelley, D. (2012). Reclaim your creative confidence. Harvard Business Review.

  • AI Gave Me an Answer. Did It Make Me Think?

    October 9th, 2026

    I have to admit, there is something pretty satisfying about asking AI a question and getting an answer almost immediately.

    Need ideas for a training activity? Done. Need help organizing information? Done. Need a starting point for something you have been staring at for twenty minutes? AI probably has a suggestion before you can finish your coffee.

    And I am not going to pretend that isn’t helpful. It is.

    But this week’s readings made me wonder about something. Just because AI helps us finish something faster, does that mean it helps us think better?

    Or are we sometimes skipping the most important part?

    The Part Between the Question and the Answer

    In Let’s Not Make AI the “Easy Button,” Fajardo (2025) makes an interesting point about creativity. The finished product isn’t necessarily where all the value is. There is also value in figuring things out, making choices, getting stuck, and deciding what matters.

    That caught my attention because I think it is easy to confuse getting something done with actually learning something.

    As a student, I understand the temptation to take the easier route. Between school, work, and everything else, having a tool that can help you move forward is a good thing.

    But I also know that some of the moments when I have learned the most were the moments when I had to sit with an idea a little longer.

    Sometimes the struggle is part of the learning.

    Rosenfeld and Fizel (2026) make a similar argument in their discussion of AI and design research. They suggest that AI doesn’t always have to help us move faster. Sometimes it can help us slow down, notice something we missed, or challenge an assumption.

    I hadn’t really thought about using AI that way before.

    What if, instead of asking AI to give me the answer, I asked it what I might be overlooking?

    AI Can Give Me Ideas. I Still Have to Decide What Matters.

    This reminded me of our Articles of Serendipity activity.

    I used AI to explore different connections related to training new supervisors who might complete a course but still feel uncomfortable having difficult conversations with employees.

    AI came up with several possibilities. Some were interesting, and some weren’t really where I wanted to go.

    But one connection stood out to me because of my experience working in harm reduction: meeting people where they are.

    That is something I already understood from my own work, but I hadn’t immediately connected it to supervisor training.

    It made me think about how we sometimes expect people to leave a training feeling completely ready to handle a difficult situation. In reality, they might understand the information and still need support, practice, or a smaller first step.

    AI helped me explore the connection, but it didn’t know why that idea mattered to me. My own experience is what made it meaningful.

    I think that is an important distinction.

    Fajardo’s Articles of Serendipity activity is about following curiosity rather than expecting AI to hand us a perfect final product (Stanford d.school, n.d.). Looking back, that is exactly what made the activity useful. The interesting part wasn’t everything AI generated. It was noticing the one idea that made me stop and think.

    A Good-Looking Solution Isn’t Always a Good Solution

    This also connects to Boller and Fletcher’s (2020) discussion of prototyping.

    They emphasize testing ideas with actual learners before investing all our time in building a finished training solution.

    That seems especially important now that AI can help us create training materials so quickly.

    Imagine asking AI to build an outline for a supervisor training course. It might produce something organized, professional-looking, and full of activities.

    But what if the supervisors don’t need another course?

    What if they need someone to practice a difficult conversation with them? What if they need feedback? What if the real problem is that they are afraid of saying the wrong thing?

    A polished training outline won’t answer those questions.

    We still have to talk to people, test ideas, and be willing to change our minds.

    The Chat About Chat activity offers another interesting example. It suggests using AI to explore different interpretations of a conversation, but it also reminds us that AI’s interpretation might be wrong (Stanford d.school, n.d.).

    I like that idea because it puts the responsibility back on us. AI can suggest another perspective, but it cannot tell us with certainty what someone else is thinking or feeling.

    And when we are designing learning experiences for real people, that difference matters.

    Maybe the Better Question Is What Happens Next

    I don’t think the answer is to stop using AI. I use it, and I can see how valuable it can be.

    But I am starting to think I need to pay more attention to how I use it.

    Am I asking it to finish my thinking for me?

    Or am I using it to give myself something new to think about?

    There is a difference between accepting the first answer and asking, “What else could be going on here?”

    There is also a difference between generating a training solution and finding out whether that solution will actually help someone.

    I think that is what I am taking away from these readings. AI can make the process easier, but easier shouldn’t automatically be the goal. Sometimes we need the questions, the uncertainty, and even the wrong ideas to get somewhere worthwhile.

    Maybe the best thing AI can give us isn’t a faster answer. Maybe it’s a question we wouldn’t have thought to ask on our own.

    And maybe what we do with that question is where the real learning begins.

    References

    Boller, S., & Fletcher, L. (2020). Design thinking for training and development: Creating learning journeys that get results. ATD Press.

    Fajardo, G. (2025, June 12). Let’s not make AI the “easy button”: Creativity in the age of AI, part one. Stanford d.school.

    Rosenfeld, H., & Fizel, J. (2026, August 13). A human-centered framework for using AI in design research. IDEO.

    Stanford d.school. (n.d.). Articles of serendipity.

    Stanford d.school. (n.d.). Chat about chat.

  • What If We Just Asked the People Doing the Work?

    September 16th, 2026

    When I finished this week’s readings, I kept coming back to one thought: Why do we sometimes make decisions for people without asking the people who actually have to do the work?

    It seems like an obvious question, but I am starting to realize that a lot of the ideas in design thinking sound obvious until I think about how often we actually do the opposite.

    Last week, I wrote about making sure we are solving the right problem before becoming too attached to a solution. This week’s readings made me think about what comes next. Even if I believe I understand the problem, how do I know that my understanding is accurate if I have not talked to the people who experience it every day?

    Boller and Fletcher explain that getting the learner’s perspective means understanding much more than basic information about who the learner is. It includes understanding their daily environment, the tools they use, the tasks they perform, the challenges they face, and even what they are thinking and feeling while doing the work (Boller & Fletcher, 2020).

    That made me think about something that seems pretty simple:

    The person closest to the problem may know something that the person designing the solution does not.

    And if we never ask them, we may never find out.

    There Is a Difference Between Knowing About Someone and Listening to Them

    Boller and Fletcher’s discussion of learner perspective was probably the part of this week’s reading that connected most with me. They explain that a traditional needs analysis may look at what someone is currently doing, what they should be doing, and the gap between the two. Getting the learner’s perspective goes deeper because it looks at the person’s actual experience while doing the work (Boller & Fletcher, 2020).

    I can see how easy it would be to skip this step. If I already know someone’s job, I might assume that I understand what they need. I could look at their job description, their required tasks, or the training they have completed and feel like I have enough information.

    But none of those things necessarily tell me what it is actually like to do that job every day.

    One example in the reading involved observing an employee who was talking about her onboarding experience. She explained that the required courses looked so much alike that by the time she finished one, she could not even remember which course she had just completed (Boller & Fletcher, 2020).

    I immediately thought back to the mandatory SOP training I wrote about last week. From the outside, someone can see that I was assigned the training, completed it, and met the requirement. What they cannot see from a completion record is the point when I have been reading for so long that the words start running together.

    That information would only come from actually asking me about my experience.

    Maybe data can tell us what happened, but people can sometimes tell us why it happened.

    Being Efficient Does Not Always Mean It Is Working

    Bason and Austin gave an example that really stood out to me. A government agency in Denmark had employees who believed they were doing their jobs well. Their case-management processes were efficient, and they had even received productivity awards. However, when the organization actually listened to the people using its services, it discovered something very different. The process worked well for the agency, but it was not working nearly as well for the clients they were supposed to be helping (Bason & Austin, 2020).

    I think this is a good example of how easy it is to measure the wrong thing. If the only thing being measured is how quickly something gets completed or how many people finish a process, the numbers might look great. That does not necessarily mean the experience itself is good.

    This also made me think about the workplace. There are plenty of processes that make sense from an organizational standpoint because they are easier to track, document, or manage. But the employee who actually has to follow the process may see problems that are invisible to the person who created it.

    What I found interesting is that hearing those problems can also be uncomfortable. Bason and Austin explain that design thinking can force people to question practices they believed were already working. Leaders have to create an environment where people can hear that feedback without immediately becoming defensive (Bason & Austin, 2020).

    Listening only works if we are willing to hear an answer we did not expect.

    Sometimes a Constraint Is Really an Assumption

    Another idea that made me stop and think was the difference between a real constraint and an assumed one. Boller and Fletcher identify five major types of constraints: budget, time, technology, people, and environment. What interested me more, though, was their point that something we call a constraint may not actually be as fixed as we think it is (Boller & Fletcher, 2020).

    I think this happens a lot in the workplace. We hear things like, “We don’t have time for that,” “That’s the way we have always done it,” or “We can’t change the system.” Sometimes those things are absolutely true. There are deadlines, budgets, policies, and technology limitations that cannot just be ignored. But sometimes I think we accept an answer as a fact because no one has stopped to ask whether it is still true.

    This connects back to listening to the people doing the work. They may know where a process slows down, where unnecessary steps exist, or where a tool creates more work instead of less. Someone looking at the process from a distance may only see the rules and limitations. The person actually working inside the process sees what those limitations look like in practice.

    To me, this does not mean ignoring constraints. It means questioning them enough to know which ones we actually have to work around and which ones we may be able to change.

    “We can’t” and “we haven’t tried” are not always the same thing.

    A Good Solution Still Has to Work in the Real World

    Brown and Martin added another part to this that I had not really considered before. Finding a good solution is not necessarily the end of the design process. People still have to accept it, use it, and make it part of what they actually do. The authors argue that when a new idea requires people to change established behaviors, the way the solution is introduced becomes part of the design itself (Brown & Martin, 2020).

    Their example of Innova Schools helped make this idea more concrete for me. Instead of creating a new school model behind closed doors and then expecting everyone to adjust to it, the designers involved students, teachers, parents, and other stakeholders. They tested ideas, gathered feedback, and continued making changes as the model moved into actual classrooms (Brown & Martin, 2020).

    I think this matters because it is easy to assume that if an idea is good enough, people will automatically use it. In reality, people may resist a change because they do not understand it, were never included in it, or because the solution does not work as well in their daily lives as it did on paper.

    This brings me back to the question I started with. Asking people about their experience should not be something we do once at the beginning and then forget about. Their perspective matters while we are defining the problem, while we are designing the solution, and while we are figuring out whether that solution actually works.

    Designing for people should probably include designing with them.

    What I Am Taking Away From This

    The biggest thing I am taking away from these readings is that listening cannot just be something we say we value. We actually have to make room for it in the process. That means asking people questions, paying attention to their experiences, and being willing to change our assumptions when what they tell us does not match what we expected.

    I also think there is a difference between asking for someone’s opinion and actually being willing to do something with it. If people are repeatedly asked for feedback but nothing ever changes, eventually I would imagine they stop believing that their input matters.

    For me, this week’s readings added another layer to what I learned last week. Last week I was thinking about whether we are solving the right problem. Now I am thinking that maybe one of the best ways to answer that question is to stop assuming we already know what people need and actually include them in figuring it out.

    Sometimes the people we are trying to help do not need us to have all the answers. They need us to ask better questions and actually listen to the answers.

    References

    Boller, S., & Fletcher, L. (2020). Design thinking for training and development: Creating learning journeys that get results. ATD Press.

    Bason, C., & Austin, R. D. (2020). The right way to lead design thinking. In HBR’s 10 must reads on design thinking. Harvard Business Review Press.

    Brown, T., & Martin, R. L. (2020). Design for action. In HBR’s 10 must reads on design thinking. Harvard Business Review Press.

  • Maybe the Problem Is the Problem

    September 6th, 2026

    When I first saw that we were going to be learning about design thinking, I thought it was going to be mostly about coming up with creative ideas and finding better solutions to problems. After doing this week’s readings, I realized that I was looking at it a little backwards. What stood out to me the most is that design thinking is not just about finding a solution. It is also about taking the time to figure out if we really understand the problem in the first place.

    That sounds simple, but the more I thought about it, the more I realized how often we probably skip that part.

    When we see a problem that looks familiar, our first instinct is usually to start thinking about how to fix it. We use what we already know and what has worked before. I have always thought of experience as an advantage, and I still do, but these readings made me think about the other side of experience. Can knowing a lot about something actually make it harder to see it differently?

    Seeing the Problem Through Someone Else’s Eyes

    Tim Brown’s discussion of human-centered design was one of the first things that made me think differently. Brown explains that design thinking starts with understanding people’s actual needs and then considering what is possible from a technology and business standpoint (Brown, 2020).

    Brown also identifies empathy as an important characteristic of a design thinker. He describes empathy as being able to look at the world from different perspectives, including those of customers, coworkers, and the people who will actually use what is being designed (Brown, 2020).

    At first, empathy seemed like the most obvious part of design thinking to me. Of course we should think about the people we are designing something for. But I started realizing that there is a difference between thinking about someone and actually trying to understand an experience from that person’s point of view.

    The example from Jeanne Liedtka’s reading really brought this home for me.

    She describes a designer working with Pete, a nonverbal adult with autism. Pete would do things such as pick at a leather sofa and rub indentations in a wall. At first, those actions were viewed as destructive behavior. But the designer eventually tried mirroring some of his actions herself. She began to understand that what looked destructive from her perspective could actually be a satisfying sensory experience for Pete. That completely changed how she thought about the problem (Liedtka, 2020).

    This example probably stayed with me more than anything else I read this week.

    Pete’s behavior did not change. The person observing him changed her understanding of it.

    That is when design thinking started making more sense to me. If we misunderstand someone’s experience, we can probably create a very good solution to the completely wrong problem.

    Are We Training People or Helping Them Learn?

    Boller and Fletcher’s discussion about learning being a journey instead of a one-time event really connected with me because of the training I do at work. I regularly complete mandatory training that involves reading SOPs (standard operating procedures), and some of them are extremely lengthy. From the company’s perspective, the training has been completed once I read the material and check the required box. Technically, I have completed the training, but that does not always mean I have actually learned the information.

    I have had times when an SOP is so long that, after a while, all the words start running together. I am still reading, but I am not necessarily absorbing what I am reading. I may finish it and be able to say that I completed the requirement, but if someone asked me later to explain everything that was covered, I probably could not do it. This week’s reading made me realize that completing training and actually learning from training are two different things (Boller & Fletcher, 2020).

    This also made me look at mandatory training a little differently. If the goal is only to document that I read an SOP, then checking the box accomplishes that goal. But if the goal is for me to understand, remember, and use the information, checking the box may not be enough.

    I am not saying that lengthy SOPs are unnecessary. Depending on the workplace, all of that information may be important. What I am questioning now is whether presenting all of the information at once is the same thing as creating an effective learning experience. Maybe the better question is not How do we make sure employees complete the training? but How do we design the training so employees can actually use what they learned when they need it?

    That distinction between completion and learning is something I probably would not have thought much about before this week’s readings.

    Being Comfortable With Something That Is Not Finished

    Another idea that caught my attention this week was prototyping. This part goes against how I normally think about presenting my work. Usually, I do not want someone to see something until I think it is finished. Showing unfinished work can make it feel like I did not put enough effort into it.

    Design thinking looks at unfinished work differently.

    Brown explains that the purpose of a prototype is not to create a finished product. Instead, it gives designers an opportunity to learn what works, what does not work, and what may need to change. He also points out that when too much time and effort are put into a prototype, people may become more attached to it and less willing to listen to feedback (Brown, 2020).

    Liedtka makes a similar point. Rough and inexpensive prototypes allow people to experience an idea before a large amount of time or money has been invested in it. Because the idea is still unfinished, there is more room to change it based on what is learned from others (Liedtka, 2020).

    I had never really thought about unfinished work as having an advantage. Normally, I think of feedback as something that comes toward the end, after I have tried to make something as good as I can. Design thinking seems to turn that around. Feedback needs to happen early enough that it can actually change what I am doing.

    I can see why that could be uncomfortable. It means being willing to hear that an idea I like might not work. It also means being willing to change direction instead of defending something just because I have already spent time on it. Maybe unfinished does not always mean unprepared. Sometimes it means there is still room to learn.

    What I Am Taking Away From Week 1

    After these readings, I do not think design thinking is simply about being creative. I think it has just as much to do with being curious and being willing to admit that our first understanding of a problem may be wrong.

    Brown describes design thinking as moving through inspiration, ideation, and implementation, but these are not steps that always move neatly in one direction. A designer may have to go backward when new information changes the problem or the idea (Brown, 2020). Liedtka also points out that when we define problems in ordinary and predictable ways, we tend to come up with ordinary and predictable solutions. Sometimes getting a better answer starts with asking a better question (Liedtka, 2020).

    I think that is probably my biggest takeaway from this first week. I have always associated being knowledgeable with having answers. These readings made me think that sometimes being knowledgeable may also mean knowing when to stop and ask more questions.

    As I continue through this course, one question I want to keep thinking about is:

    How do we know when we have spent enough time understanding a problem and it is finally time to start solving it?

    There probably is not one perfect answer to that question. But maybe that is part of design thinking too.

    For now, I am starting Week 1 with one idea that I did not have before:

    Before I become too attached to my solution, I need to make sure I am solving the right problem.

    References

    Boller, S., & Fletcher, L. (2020). Design thinking for training and development: Creating learning journeys that get results. ATD Press.

    Brown, T. (2020). Design thinking. In HBR’s 10 must reads on design thinking. Harvard Business Review Press. (Original work published 2008).

    Liedtka, J. M. (2020). Why design thinking works. In HBR’s 10 must reads on design thinking. Harvard Business Review Press. (Original work published 2018).

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